ࡱ> p[( d/ 0DTimes New Roman(0(B 0 DTahomaew Roman(0(B 0  A(.2  @n?" dd@  @@`` hlMc   2655 78( !$'&% # ")*,+-0./1=:;<>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcd 0e0e     A@  A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||@8d g4GdGd@B 0 ppp@ <4BdBdlpC 0P+ #<4!d!dlpC 0P+ g4(d(d@B 00p@ ppʚ;ʚ;<4ddddl%F 0Xr0___PPT10 2___PPT9/ 0? %O =K E-Security 64Ameel Zia Khan Thames Business School; 27 June, 200125%   You have zero privacy [on the Internet] anyway. Get over it. Scott McNealy, 1999.U?$Presentation OutlineWhat E-Security Means Threats Approaching Security Security Policy Security Mechanisms Trends & Policies Conclusion Questions & Answers )What E-Security MeansWhat E-Security MeansSecuring your electronic information from: Destruction & distortion of data Interruption & disruption in communications Used to be simple: Restrict physical access to hardware Much, much harder with the Internet!`+M%&+M%&What E-Security MeansTo Corporations Protection of Information Product data * Customer data Financial information Planning information Human resource data Protection of Systems Electronic systems (networked or otherwise) *b\.\.  What E-Security MeansTo Consumers Personal Information Your identity E-mail account(s) * Financial information * Assets Money (credit cards) * Personal possessionsb :, :, What E-Security MeansTo Governments, etc. Information Financial information (taxes, budgets, etc.) * Military information Political information * Systems Civic systems (telephone system, power grid, air traffic control) Law and order systems, etc. *b \` \`  What E-Security MeansTo Institutions & Others Information Software copyrights Intellectual property (audio, video, books, etc.) Systems Travel systems * Postal systemsb F  F * Threats ThreatsTo Information Accidental damage or distortion Power outages Hardware failure Intentional damage or distortion Cracking & phreaking (not hacking) Viruses & worms Theft  Hackers make things, crackers break them [GTMHH] !34 ! , ThreatsTo Systems Accidental damage Outages, etc. Intentional damage Attacks (outages, DoS) Defacement Disruption Make otherwise vulnerableb G G P2 Threat Examples[Accidents University of Alabama squirrel attacks El-Nio Microsoft products (Windows, etc.)& R R Threat ExamplesAttacks Identity theft Abraham Abdallah (busboy from Brooklyn) Forbes, SSNs, credit card numbers, bank account information, mothers maiden names Off-line attacks Going through trash for credit card receipts, etc.v(S3(S 3, Threat ExamplesJAttacks On personal information Macys.com Selling bridal registry information; EFF  E.T. Programs Programs that phone home, key loggers, etc. Online Records Pakistan s one7.com, Ohio State home information Purchase of Information (e.g. docusearch.com) Murder of Amy Boyer; SSN, office address ),1.) ) , 1.)Threat ExamplesAttacks Credit card theft CD Universe - 300, 000 CCN s stolen Bibliofind (Amazon) - 98, 000 CCN s stolen MCI Communication - $50 million loss Fraud accounts for 25-28 cents per $100 spent online while 7 cents per $100 is the  real world fraud rate [Visa research] Online fraud figure is not necessarily accurate Credit card companies walk a thin line...:JJ>1 Threat ExamplesAttacks On intellectual property DVD encryption DeCSS, 2600.com, Injunction filed by MPAA, EFF Software piracy Virtually unchecked in Pakistan Entertainment industry Almost unchecked; Pulse Global, recent advertisements in newspapers/ D/ D0Threat Examples`Attacks Cyberstalking Working to Halt Online Abuse (WHOA) reports average 100 cases per week Using fake web sites wwwbankofamerica.com Driver s License theft of Charles GlueckbG>G> > ^#Threat ExamplesAttacks Using viruses and worms  I Love You virus (ET program, steals pwds.) CDC s  Back Orifice (access to remote PC)  Noped (finds child pornography, often wrong)  Leaves worm (FBI issued a warning against this two days ago):,G/hThreat ExamplesAttacks Web site and other attacks UK Military Satellite (1999) MS network, EFF, Yahoo!, ID Games, Slashdot Library of Congress, various .edu sites, etc. US Government: DoD, Army sites, etc. Our President/COAS e-mail account:,6-#Approaching Security$Approaching SecurityAchieving security goals: Identify a security policy Who can use your information & systems How can they use them Identify system features Weakest & strongest links Most and least readily visible and available assets Most crucial assets Expendable assetsb=t=t %Approaching SecurityAchieving goals (contd.) Identify threats posed to system Who will want to attack it and why Where will they most likely attack Using all this information Implement security mechanisms that incorporate your security policy and your system s features Problem: Managementv!F`!F`&Approaching SecuritypThe problem with management: SANS99 Federal Computer Security Conference (1800 security experts) Seven management errors with regard to computer security vulnerabilities identified: 1) Ignore the problem and hope it will disappear 2) Install reactive, short-term fixes and watch the security problems rapidly reappear 3) Ignore the value of information and reputation:'Approaching SecurityVManagement errors (contd.) 4) Implement firewalls as the primary or only defense 5) Deal with operational security on a  quick-and-dirty basis 6) Ignore relationships between information and physical security 7) Assign untrained staff to handle E-security as an additional duty [Source: MSNBC.com] 4(Approaching SecuritySolution? Raising awareness (includes quoting numbers) Management Training Quoting numbers Telecommuting survey: Out of 1,200 respondents only 23% worked exclusively from regular office locations [American Management Association]` Bu Bu .$Security Policy"Security PolicySecurity policy components Physical security Who has physical access your system: how, why & when Network security Who can access your system remotely: how, why & when Software security What kind of software is being used: how & why56/56 //%Security PolicyNSecurity policy components (contd.) Contingency plan What to do when things go wrong; backup and recovery: how, who and when Security awareness Educating people: who, how, when Acceptable use policy How the system is supposed to be used Compliance policy What happens when it isn t used that way$H!&)$H! & ),"Security Mechanisms!Security MechanismsAlready figured out: What and where are our weaknesses? Who can exploit these weaknesses and how? Have to figure out: What can be done about them? Who will do something about them? What are our strengths? How can they be used against intruders?LMMSecurity MechanismsTypes of mechanisms Prevention Not letting the opportunity arise Detection Knowing when an attack/intrusion has occurred, seeing the signs of an impending attack Recovery Security is never perfect, be realistic " W ( " W (Security Mechanisms_Mechanisms to be added User awareness (tell users about the risks that they may take or pose in the way they use resources) Physical protection (prevent access to hardware) Access control (security inside the software) Cryptography (for the transfer and storing of data) Auditing (recording all system activity to detect and prevent security breaches)&II Security MechanismsPrinciples to be followed: Principle of least privilege Power is easily abused Minimize trusted components It is easier to secure and then keep a watch on a few componentsbAA #Security MechanismsUTechnical Section Security threats at different levels of the TCP/IP reference model:&DD0)Security MechanismsPhysical Layer Methods Tapping into the media Accessing hardware Risks & Prevention Risk can be minimized by securing physical assets A successful attack can make the system very vulnerable, thoughb*r*r 1*Security MechanismsInternet Layer Methods Sniffing Re-routing IP Spoofing Risks & Prevention No simple prevention against attack; encryption counters sniffing to a degree Tampering with the network can get serious, but you need to know how to do itb   2,Security MechanismsTransport Layer Methods Attacking network connections Attacking host machines Risks & Prevention Can be controlled (secure, hide host), but DoS attacks can still be make Its is very easy to leave this level vulnerable (especially by users)b66 a3+Security MechanismsApplication Layer Methods Attacks to OS/server software Attacks to data Viruses, worms, etc. Risks & Prevention Countered using point-to-point security (encryption, etc.) and perimeter control (firewalls, anti-virus software, etc.) High riskbCC 4-Trends & Policies70Trends & PoliciesEncryption RSA restriction (US Government problems) PGP, DVD, Open Source, etc. Digital Signatures Legal in US June 10th onwards Also in Finland, France, Thailand & the UK Software ApproveIt by Silanis Technology Inc.` ER% ER% , 81Trends & PoliciesCyber-Crime Convention on Cyber-Crime is being drafted (v.27 signed by Council of Europe on June 22nd) Information/Electronic Warfare Viruses Communication disruption, etc. Gulf War (precision attacks)L [D [D5. 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